Notice that it wasn't until after Volcker allowed for a year and half period of "catch up" in both real and nominal GDP that the divergence in government spending happened. While Krugman is right to lament the loss of teachers and firemen, his proposal of using the federal government to borrow at record low interest rates to alleviate the layoffs is politically unfeasible.
If Krugman were really serious about increasing growth and returning people to work, he should be pushing the Fed for a make up period of NGDP above the long term trend over the next two years. This would allow the market to determine where the extra money is best spent (and which areas need more workers). Which in turn will increase employment and tax revenues, allowing state and local governments to rehire the laid off teachers and firemen all while not increasing the federal deficit and reducing overall debt levels.
Yet, in light of Bernanke's full embraceable of opportunistic disinflation, I'm afraid this idea is as big of a pipe dream as Krugman's.
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